The Diplomatic Correspondence of the American Revolution, Vol. 01 — Background and Themes

Unvarnished Complaints and Candid Assessments

Morris's letter to the commissioners exemplifies the unfiltered tone that pervades the correspondence. He admits to having 'often told it to them before' regarding the lack of intelligence, and notes that 'some of us are of very sanguine complexions, and are too apt to flatter ourselves.' The language is direct, personal, and impatient—a stark contrast to the formal resolutions of Congress. Morris insists that the commissioners 'should be fairly and fully informed of the true state of affairs,' revealing a tension between secrecy and transparency that runs through the volume. His aside about Doctor Franklin's safe arrival and his compliments to Mr. Lee show how these letters served both official business and personal connection.

The Committee's Strategic Urgency

A letter from the Committee of Secret Correspondence, dated Baltimore, December 30, 1776, shifts to a more measured but equally urgent register. It reports General Washington's crossing of the Delaware and the attack at Trenton, described as 'the success that you will see related in the enclosed handbill.' The committee then declares that 'the speedy declaration of France and European assistance' is 'indispensably necessary to secure the independence of these States.' The language is deliberate, authorizing the commissioners to 'make such tenders to France and Spain' as will prevent delay. The contrast between Morris's personal exasperation and the committee's strategic framing highlights the multiple voices at work in this diplomatic record.

Pace and Pressure in Revolutionary Correspondence

The excerpts reveal a correspondence driven by immediate military and political crises. Morris writes from Philadelphia after Congress has departed, noting that 'my own affairs necessarily detained me here' and that he finds 'my presence so very necessary, that I shall remain here until the enemy drive me away.' The committee's letter, written just days later from Baltimore, shows the rapid movement of the government and the constant need to relay news of battles and shifting strategies. The pace is breathless: letters cross the Atlantic, enclosures are sent, and footnotes reference earlier pages. This is not a retrospective history but a real-time negotiation conducted under the threat of British occupation.

Readers approaching this volume should expect to navigate a dense web of names, committees, and cross-references. The footnotes, added by Sparks, provide essential orientation. Pay attention to the dates and locations of each letter—they map the physical and political movement of the Revolution. The correspondence is best read as a series of tactical exchanges, where every complaint and request carries the weight of a war still undecided.