Women's Wild Oats: Essays on the Re-fixing of Moral Standards — Text and Context

From Celebration to Crisis

The opening chapter, "Woman's Carnival," establishes a pattern that recurs throughout the book: Hartley grounds her argument in a concrete scene before broadening into analysis. The Armistice Day description is not merely atmospheric; it introduces a key tension between public joy and hidden peril. The author notes that the same crowds who danced would soon face the consequences of wartime sexual freedoms. She writes of a "daze" after the war, a phrase that subtly prepares readers for the sobering statistics to come. The transition from the carnival to the clinic is abrupt but deliberate, forcing the reader to confront the gap between celebration and the underlying social realities.

The Cannes Conference as Turning Point

In later chapters, Hartley focuses on the 1919 Cannes Conference of Red Cross Societies, which she describes as "an event more serious even than the other world conference"—a pointed reference to the Paris Peace Conference. She contrasts the ballroom where officers once danced with the same space now occupied by "grave men" and scientists. This juxtaposition echoes the earlier carnival scene, creating a structural parallel between wartime frivolity and postwar seriousness. Hartley reports the conference's recommendations in detail: opposition to state regulation of vice, support for detention of infected persons, and advocacy for early marriage. She does not simply summarize; she evaluates, praising the American Army's approach as more direct than England's "vacillating methods."

Numbers and Sentiment

Hartley's use of statistics is striking. She cites the Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases (1916) estimating 3,000,000 syphilitic persons in the Kingdom, with 450,000 in London alone. She then notes that these diseases cause more than half of blindness and lunacy in the country. Yet she quickly dismisses further figures as unnecessary: "I need not trouble you with facts and figures that to-day are known to almost everyone." This rhetorical move suggests her intended audience is already informed. Her real target is what she calls "sex sentiment"—the emotional reluctance to adopt harsh measures. She warns that many women are "led astray" by sentimentality, and she explicitly calls for a "world-wide, organized plan of defense" that overrides national hesitation.

A Rhetoric of Urgency

Hartley's prose is direct and often confrontational. She uses short, declarative sentences to drive home her points: "The great events of life are almost always quiet." This aphoristic style lends authority to her arguments. She also employs biblical epigraphs—Proverbs ii. 18, xxvii. 7—which frame her social critique within a moral tradition. The essays are not merely policy proposals; they are jeremiads aimed at a society she believes is willfully blind. The reader should note how Hartley balances personal observation (her son beside her on Armistice Day) with impersonal data, creating a hybrid voice that is both intimate and authoritative. This blend makes the book a distinctive document of its era, one that demands a response rather than passive agreement.

Hartley's essays resist easy categorization: part memoir, part policy brief, part moral exhortation. Readers will benefit from attending to the shifts in register—from the lyrical opening to the clinical statistics to the sharp rebukes of sentimentality. The book's structure mirrors its argument: the carnival of Armistice Day gives way to the sober work of reconstruction. Whether one agrees with her conclusions or not, the force of her conviction is unmistakable.